The world we inhabit is teeming with various sounds, from the gentle hum of nature to the blaring cacophony of city life.
While these sounds can be delightful or maddening, one thing is sure: we cannot escape the omnipresence of sound waves.
The ability to control and manipulate these sound waves is a crucial aspect of modern living, whether in our homes, workplaces, or recreational spaces.
This guide delves into soundproofing, exploring the science behind it, the materials used, and the methods employed to keep unwanted noise at bay.
Related: How to Block Out Low Frequency Noise– 13 Best Solutions
Table of Contents
The Science of Sound Waves
Sound, in the simplest terms, is a form of energy.
This energy travels in waves from a source, causing vibrations as it hits objects.
These vibrations are transmitted to our ears, stimulating our brain to perceive the sound.
However, not all sound waves are welcome.
Unwanted sound waves, also known as noise, can disrupt our peace, affect our productivity, or even impact our health.
To control these intrusive sound waves, we resort to soundproofing.
Understanding Soundproofing
Soundproofing, also known as acoustic isolation or decibel reduction, reduces sound pressure from a specific sound source to a receptor.
It involves using various materials and technologies to block, absorb, or dampen sound energy, thereby reducing or eliminating unwanted noise.
The effectiveness of soundproofing depends on the type of noise, the source of the noise, the structure of the building, and the specific materials used.
Principles of Blocking Sound Waves
The practice of soundproofing revolves around four fundamental principles: deflection, absorption, decoupling, and thermal conversion.
Each plays an essential role in the process, and understanding these principles can guide you in selecting suitable materials and methods for your soundproofing needs.
1: Deflection
Deflection, often called sound blocking, is achieved by adding mass and density to a structure.
This added mass presents a barrier that sound waves must pass through, reducing energy.
Dense materials like concrete, plywood, or drywall are commonly used to increase a wall’s deflection capability.
However, deflection is more effective with airborne sounds, like voices or music, but less with impact noise, such as footsteps.
2: Absorption
Absorption involves using materials that ‘soak up’ or absorb acoustic energy.
These materials, commonly made from open-cell woven types like stone wool cavity insulation, are installed in open cavities to prevent resonance or amplification of sound waves.
Absorptive materials absorb sound waves and prevent further reverberation within the cavity.
3: Decoupling
Decoupling reduces the direct mechanical linkage between a structure and its finishing materials.
This method disrupts the vibration path for sound waves, thus diminishing their potential passage through the wall.
Decoupling is most effectively done during the construction phase of a building and can be achieved using acoustic brackets, acoustic hangers, or resilient channels.
4: Thermal Conversion
Specialist materials, such as the Acoustiblok Isolation Membrane, convert sound energy into trace heat energy.
This conversion process helps to reduce sound transmission further.
Soundproofing Applications
Blocking Sound Waves, approaches can be applied in various settings, from residential properties to commercial buildings.
1: Residential Soundproofing
In residential settings, soundproofing aims to reduce or eliminate noise from external sources.
This typically involves focusing on existing structures like windows and doors.
Standard residential soundproofing methods include installing curtains, fitting double-paned windows, or even exterior windows for improved acoustic insulation.
2: Commercial Soundproofing
Commercial properties like restaurants, schools, and office buildings also benefit immensely from soundproofing.
Technologies like sound-absorbing panels and soundproofing membranes can help reduce noise disturbances, improve worker productivity, and ensure confidential discussions remain private.
Types of Soundproofing Materials
The effectiveness of soundproofing hinges on the materials used. Different materials offer different sound absorption and deflection levels, and your choice will depend on your specific soundproofing goals.
1: Blocking Airborne Noise
Airborne noise can be blocked by adding mass to a structure.
This additional mass results in the reflection or conversion of sound energy into heat, thereby reducing sound transmission.
Dense materials like concrete or drywall are commonly used for this purpose.
3: Dampening Impact Noise
Impact noise, such as the sound of footsteps or machinery, can be dampened by separating structures and reducing the circulation of sound vibration.
This can be achieved using resilient underlayments, decoupling brackets, or floating floors.
4: Absorbing Reverberating Sound
Reverberating sound bounces within a contained space can be absorbed using materials like fiberglass insulation, foam padding, or dense vinyl sound barriers.
These materials are particularly effective in environments where echo and resonance are concerns.
Best Materials to Block Sound Waves
1: Drywall
Drywall is a popular material for blocking sound waves due to its high density and ability to absorb noise.
It is made from gypsum plaster pressed between two sheets of thick paper and is commonly used in residential and commercial settings.
In addition to blocking sound waves, drywall provides excellent insulation, making it an ideal choice for soundproofing.
Estimated Cost:
Depending on the size and quality, the drywall cost typically ranges from $10 to $20 per sheet.
How to Install?
Installing drywall is a relatively straightforward process.
- To begin, you’ll need to measure the area you want to soundproof and cut the drywall accordingly.
- Once the pieces are cut, use screws or nails to attach the drywall to the wall frame.
- Ensure all corners and edges are tightly sealed with joint tape and plaster for maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- Finally, apply a layer of paint or wallpaper to make your soundproofed walls look presentable.
- In some cases, you may need to use acoustic sealant or caulking between two pieces of drywall for additional insulation.
Pros and Cons:
This depends on the situation and the amount of drywall being used.
Generally, drywall can reduce sound transmission by roughly 10 to 30 dB, depending on the sound frequency. For example, higher-pitched noises are more easily blocked because of their shorter wavelengths. This means that drywall will best block speech or general conversation noise.
However, it is still possible to block low and mid-frequency noise with multiple layers of drywall if needed. Installing acoustic sealant or caulking between two layers can enhance soundproofing capabilities.
2: Soundproof Foam
Soundproof foam is a practical material for blocking sound waves because it absorbs noise and reduces reverberation. It is typically made from polyurethane or polyethylene foam treated with a special acoustic coating.
The foam absorbs the sound waves before reaching their destination, creating a barrier between the noise source and the area you’re trying to keep quiet.
Related: How to Remove Soundproofing Foam From Walls: 10 Best Solutions
Estimated Cost:
Soundproof foam panels can cost around $20 to $50 per panel, depending on the brand and thickness.
How to Install?
Installing soundproof foam is a simple process.
- Start by measuring the area you want to soundproof, then cut the foam panels accordingly.
- Once the pieces are cut, use screws or nails to attach them to the wall frame.
- Ensure all edges and corners are tightly sealed with foam sealant for maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- Finally, apply a layer of paint or wallpaper to make your soundproofed walls look presentable.
- Sometimes, you may need to use acoustic sealant or caulking between two foam pieces for additional insulation.
Pros and Cons:
Soundproof foam generally has a higher decibel level reduction than drywall.
It is estimated to reduce sound transmission by around 10-30 dB, depending on the frequency of the sound as well as the density and thickness of the foam.
Additionally, installing acoustic sealant or caulking between layers of foam can further improve soundproofing capabilities.
On average, soundproof foam is five times more effective than drywall at blocking sound waves, making it an ideal choice for those who need a high degree of noise control.
3: Acoustic Panels
Acoustic panels are another popular material used for blocking sound waves, explicitly designed for this purpose.
They are typically made from materials like fiberglass, Rockwool, or foam treated with an acoustic coating that helps absorb and block sound waves before reaching their destination.
Acoustic panels are often used in recording studios or other places where noise reduction is essential.
Estimated Cost:
Acoustic panels are commonly used for soundproofing and can range in price from $20 to $200 per panel, depending on size, thickness, and material quality.
How to Install?
Installing acoustic panels is a simple process.
- Start by measuring the area you want to soundproof, then cut the panel accordingly.
- Once the pieces are cut, use screws or nails to attach them to the wall frame. Ensure all edges and corners are tightly sealed with acoustic sealant for maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- Finally, apply a layer of paint or wallpaper to make your soundproofed walls look presentable.
- In some cases, you may need to use acoustic sealant or caulking between two pieces of panel for additional insulation.
Pros and Cons:
A well-installed acoustic panel system can reduce sound levels by up to 70 dB, which drastically improves noise reduction compared to standard drywall or foam.
Additionally, installing acoustic sealant or caulking between layers of panels can further boost the effectiveness of soundproofing.
While acoustic panels can be relatively expensive compared to other materials, they provide superior soundproofing and are worth the extra cost if noise reduction is a priority.
4: Green Glue Compound
Green Glue compound is a unique material designed specifically for blocking sound waves. It has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its effectiveness at reducing noise levels while still being affordable compared to other materials on the market.
It works by converting sound energy into heat energy before reaching its destination, thus reducing the noise that penetrates through walls or ceilings.
Estimated Cost:
Green Glue is a viscoelastic compound that dampens sound vibrations and can cost around $15 to $30 per tube.
How to Install?
Installing Green Glue compound is a relatively straightforward process.
- Apply the mixture to the wall frame, spreading it evenly across the surface.
- Once applied, use screws or nails to attach acoustic panels over the top of the compound for additional sound insulation.
- Ensure all edges and corners are tightly sealed with acoustic sealant for maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- Finally, apply a layer of paint or wallpaper to make your soundproofed walls look presentable.
- Sometimes, you may need to use acoustic sealant or caulking between two foam pieces for additional insulation.
Pros and Cons:
The amount of noise that can be reduced through Green Glue varies. Still, it can often reach reduction levels of up to 70 dB, similar to other acoustic insulation materials on the market.
Additionally, using acoustic sealant and caulking between layers of foam can further increase the noise reduction capabilities of Green Glue.
The material is also suitable for long-term soundproofing and is relatively affordable compared to other insulation materials.
However, it may be more expensive when considering installation costs than more straightforward methods, such as installing acoustic panels alone.
5: Mass Loaded Vinyl
Mass Loaded Vinyl (MLV) is another effective material for blocking out unwanted noise as it’s incredibly dense and heavy, which helps reduce noise transmission through walls or floors when appropriately installed.
MLV is also highly flexible, which makes it easy to install even in tight spaces where other materials may not be suitable due to their rigid nature, such as around pipes or electrical wiring systems within walls or ceilings.
Estimated Cost:
MLV is a dense material that blocks sound waves and can cost around $2 to $5 per square foot.
How to Install?
Installing Mass Loaded Vinyl is a relatively simple process.
- First, you’ll want to measure the space you plan to cover and cut the MLV to size accordingly.
- Once cut, you must attach the MLV strips directly onto wall or ceiling frames using screws or nails.
- Ensure all edges and corners are tightly sealed with acoustic sealant for maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- If needed, use acoustic sealant or caulking between two pieces of MLV for additional insulation.
- Finally, apply a layer of paint or wallpaper to make your soundproofed walls look presentable.
Pros and Cons:
MLV can provide a sound reduction of up to 30 dB or more, depending on the thickness and installation technique.
It effectively blocks any low-frequency or mid-level sound as it can absorb and dampen sound vibrations.
Additionally, Mass Loaded Vinyl is less expensive than other acoustic insulation materials.
Still, it may be more costly when considering installation costs than straightforward methods, such as installing acoustic panels alone.
An important consideration with Mass Loaded Vinyl is that it requires careful measuring and fitting, which can only be done by an experienced professional.
On the other hand, Green Glue requires less precision for optimal results, so it may be the preferred choice for most DIY projects when sealing walls or floors.
6: Resilient Channels
Resilient channels are strips of metal with a rubberized coating explicitly designed for decoupling walls from each other to reduce impact noises, such as footsteps within multi-level buildings like apartments or condos, as well as industrial settings such as factories where machinery can create loud noises throughout the facility without proper insulation systems in place.
Estimated Cost:
Resilient channels cost around $2 to $4 per linear foot, depending on the brand and type.
How to Install?
Installing resilient channels is a relatively simple process.
- First, you’ll want to measure the space you plan to cover and cut the resilient channels accordingly.
- Once cut, you must attach the strips directly onto wall or ceiling frames using screws or nails.
- Next, apply acoustic sealant around all edges and corners for maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- Finally, apply a layer of paint or wallpaper to make your soundproofed walls look presentable.
- To further increase soundproofing efficiency, consider adding a layer of insulation material, such as fiberglass or foam, between the wall and the resilient channel strips for additional acoustic insulation.
Pros and Cons:
Installing resilient channels can block a significant portion of sound waves, with some channels capable of blocking up to 70 dB of sound if correctly installed.
This is true for high-frequency and low-frequency sounds, which makes the product very effective in scenarios where acoustic control is necessary for noise pollution reduction.
Due to their relatively small size and thin metallic structure, resilient channels are also well suited for spaces with limited space for soundproofing materials, such as door frames or ceilings.
In addition to noise-blocking capabilities, resilient channels can provide some structural isolation when used in conjunction with acoustic sealants, which further helps ensure maximum soundproofing effectiveness by ensuring no gaps between walls or floors where sound waves could sneak through.
7: Carpet Underlayment
Carpet underlayment provides excellent shock absorption properties, which helps muffle impact noises like footsteps on hardwood floors, especially when combined with resilient channels mentioned previously, which allow further decouple flooring structures from each other, reducing transmission of impact vibrations through walls and ceilings.
Estimated Cost:
The cost of carpet underlayment can range from $0.50 to $1.50 per square foot, depending on the type and quality.
How to Install?
Installing carpet underlayment is a relatively straightforward process.
- First, you’ll need to measure the area you plan to cover and cut the underlayment accordingly.
- Next, you’ll need to attach the pieces directly onto the floor or subfloor using staples or nails.
- Ensure all edges and corners are tightly sealed with acoustic sealant for maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- Finally, apply a layer of carpet padding or the carpet over the underlayment for added comfort and insulation.
- To further increase soundproofing efficiency, consider adding a layer of insulation material, such as fiberglass or foam, between the wall and the resilient channel strips for additional acoustic insulation.
Pros and Cons:
Carpet underlayment can block up to 25 dB of sound when installed correctly.
It provides an effective barrier against high and low-frequency sounds, serving as an ideal soundproofing material for residential or commercial settings.
In addition, the shock-absorbing properties of carpet underlayment are great for reducing impact noises like footsteps on floors.
When combined with resilient channels and acoustic sealants, it’s an even more powerful soundproofing system that can significantly reduce noise pollution in an area.
So whether you’re trying to keep the neighbors from hearing your rock band practicing or just trying to create a peaceful home environment, installing carpet underlayment is the way to go!
8: Fiberglass Insulation
Fiberglass insulation has long been a popular choice among homeowners looking for ways to block out unwanted sounds due to its ability to absorb airborne noises while still allowing airflow between rooms, which helps maintain comfortable temperatures throughout buildings during summer months.
Estimated Cost:
Fiberglass insulation is commonly used for soundproofing walls and can cost around $0.30 to $1.50 per square foot.
How to Install?
Installing fiberglass insulation is relatively simple as long as certain safety precautions are taken.
- Begin by measuring the area that needs soundproofing and cutting pieces of insulation accordingly.
- Next, fit the pieces of insulation into the wall cavity, ensuring that the edges and corners are tightly sealed with either caulk or acoustic sealant.
- After that, use a tethering system such as resilient channels or insulation clips to secure the insulation to the wall studs, ensuring all corners and edges are sealed adequately for maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- Finally, apply your chosen finish for additional aesthetic appeal & sound dampening benefits.
- Adding an extra insulation layer on top of existing construction can significantly improve soundproofing efficiency with proper installation and sealing.
Pros and Cons:
Fiberglass insulation can effectively block sound waves from both low and high frequencies.
Many walls constructed with fiberglass insulation are rated for up to STC (Sound Transmission Class) of 50 or more, significantly higher than other methods, such as drywall and other acoustic materials.
The large amount of sound-dampening material found in fiberglass also helps to absorb vibrations and echoes within an area, further helping to reduce unwanted noise pollution.
Combined with resilient channels and acoustic sealants during installation, it can make an even more effective soundproofing system for residential and commercial settings.
9: Soundproof Windows
Soundproof windows provide extra protection against external noise sources, such as busy roads or nearby construction sites, helping keep homes peaceful even during peak hours when traffic levels may be highest.
Estimated Cost:
Soundproof windows can cost anywhere from $400 to $1,200 per window, depending on the size and features.
How to Install?
For installation, use an experienced installer to ensure proper soundproofing efficiency.
- Windows must first be removed from the frame and replaced with specially designed soundproof windows.
- Then the frames must be sealed with acoustic sealant or caulk for maximum sound-blocking efficiency.
- Finally, weatherstripping should be placed around the frame for further insulation.
- With these simple steps, non-soundproof windows can easily be turned into practical noise barriers while maintaining aesthetic appeal.
Pros and Cons:
With the proper installation, soundproof windows can block up to 35dB of noise, equivalent to reducing the volume of a typical conversation to a whisper.
They are also designed to block out most types of airborne noise, including aircraft and industrial hums providing additional efficiency gains in areas prone to airborne noise pollution.
This makes it perfect for those seeking complete soundproofing with maximum noise reduction capacities.
10: Door Seals
Door seals help keep gaps between doors closed, preventing outside noises from entering your home while also helping reduce drafts during winter months when temperatures drop significantly.
Estimated Cost:
Door seals typically range from $10 to $30 per seal, depending on the type and brand.
How to Install?
- For installation, first, measure the gap between the door and the floor to get an accurate size for the seal.
- Next, place the seal at the bottom of the door and fix it into place with adhesive tape.
- Finally, press down firmly on each end of the door seal to ensure a tight fit and maximum soundproofing efficiency.
- With easy installation and low costs, soundproofing seals are an effective way to reduce external noise while helping keep energy costs down during winter.
Pros and Cons:
A door seal’s soundproofing efficiency varies depending on the gap size, materials used, and how much is pressed into place during installation.
Generally speaking, door seals are designed to block out up to 30dB of noise by drawing the line between interior and exterior noises.
Ultimately, this helps create a quieter environment but also helps keep heating and cooling costs low by preventing drafts from entering your home.
11: Acoustic Caulk
Acoustic caulk is a specialized type of sealant explicitly designed for sealing gaps around doors, windows, baseboards, outlets, etc., helping prevent airborne sounds from entering your home and providing additional insulation benefits.
Estimated Cost:
Acoustic caulk can cost around $10 to $20 per tube, depending on the brand and quantity.
How to Install?
For installation, read the product instructions for the best results.
- Start by applying the sealant around the perimeter of the gap, smoothing it out with a rubber or plastic spatula as you go. Next, use a damp rinser to remove excess sealant and clean up blemishes.
- Finally, please wait for the glue to dry completely before testing it.
- With just a few simple steps, acoustic caulk can effectively soundproof your home while reducing energy costs during winter months.
Pros and Cons:
Acoustic caulk can help block up to 43dB of noise waves, providing moderate soundproofing efficiency.
Additionally, depending on the caulk used and how much is applied, acoustic caulk can give mild insulating benefits by preventing drafts from entering your home during winter months.
Ultimately, acoustical caulk is an easy and inexpensive way to soundproof your home while keeping energy costs down.
12: Noise Curtains
Noise curtains act as physical barriers around areas you want to be kept quiet by absorbing any incoming sounds preventing them from reaching their final destination and providing excellent results, particularly when combined with additional methods like acoustic caulk.
Estimated Cost:
Soundproof curtains are affordable and can range from $50 to $150 per panel, depending on the brand and quality.
How to Install?
- For installation, start by choosing the correct size panel to cover the entire length of your wall or doorway.
- Next, use screws to mount the panels to the wall or door frame.
- Finally, check for any gaps for extra protection and adjust the position and size of the panels accordingly.
- With discussions of different shapes and patterns available in all price ranges, soundproof curtains are a great way to keep unwanted noises out while adding style to a room.
Pros and Cons:
Noise curtains can block up to 95% of noise waves when installed correctly, depending on their size and the material they are made from.
The ideal panel thickness should be between 2 and 4 inches (ca. 10 cm) so it has enough mass to absorb incoming sound waves.
Additionally, thicker and heavier materials like vinyl will help to reduce sound penetration through the curtain.
Choosing a more comprehensive panel or higher-quality material could be a worthwhile investment if your home is regularly subjected to loud noises from external sources.
FAQs
Q1: What material can deflect sound?
Ans: Some of the best materials used to deflect sound are materials like dense foam, fiberglass, and vinyl. As these materials are sound-absorbent, they trap and absorb sound waves, reducing noise levels. Additionally, acoustic panels made with thick fabric can also help deflect sound waves. All of these materials can be used for different types of projects to achieve maximum soundproofing efficiency.
Q2: Is there a way to block sound waves?
Ans: Yes, several ways can be used to block sound waves, such as sound barriers, acoustic insulation, and types of soundproofing curtains. By blocking sound waves, these materials will reduce noise levels. For example, an acoustic barrier is a physical barrier that reflects noise away, reducing its intensity so it cannot travel into other parts of the building. At the same time, soundproofing curtains or material like dense foam helps absorb the sound energy so it doesn’t reach its intended destination. Soundproofing insulation like fiberglass or mineral wool can also reduce noise levels.
Q3: How can I block noise naturally?
Ans: Natural soundproofing materials, like cotton or fiberglass, have been used for centuries to block unwanted noise. These materials work by controlling the airflow and cutting off the path of sound waves, reducing their intensity. Large furniture with narrow openings, such as armoires or bookcases, can absorb and impede sound particles. Strategic landscapes, like living walls, bushes, and plants, can also serve as barriers to deflect low-frequency sounds away from a desired area.
Q4: Do pillows block sound?
Ans: Pillows can be effective at reducing sound levels in some instances. Pillows often silence loud voices and noises in households as they absorb sound waves due to their soft fabric. Heavier pillows with dense fillings can be more effective than regular ones as they reduce sound reflection compared to light and fluffy options. Although some types of pads can reduce noise contamination from outside sources, a professional soundproofing solution may be a more beneficial option.
Conclusion on Materials to Block Sound Waves
By considering the above-mentioned practical methods and materials to block sound waves, it is evident that there are several strategies that one can implement to create a quiet and peaceful living or working environment.
From soundproof curtains to acoustic caulk, one can customize their soundproofing routine relative to their budget and the noise level they seek protection from.
Ultimately, everyone has different needs when it comes to blocking sound waves, and various solutions are available depending on what works best for them.
